According to Mayer, people learn better when a multimedia message is presented in user-paced segments rather than as a continuous unit. "For example, a continuous version consists of a narrated animation on the lightning formation that lasts about two and a half minutes and describes sixteen steps. A segmented version consists of the same lesson, broken into sixteen segments –each containing one or two sentences and eight to ten seconds of the corresponding animation – with a continue button in the lower-right corner. The next segment begins as soon as the learner clicks on continue." (Mayer, 2001, p. 175) It has always been better for students to follow the lesson self-paced. Because each person has their own pace and their own learning speed. That's why following segmenting principle in lessons and while creating multimedia has a huge significance in terms of usability and effectiveness. Some important language learning tools follow the segmenting principle. The reason for their effectiveness is coming from the segmenting principle. Moreover, those kinds of tools allow learners to interact with the material directly because they manage their learning themselves.
Duolingo
Duolingo provides different world languages and it allows learners to manage their own learning process. Basic skills are separated into different steps and all the process is following those steps at their own pace. This also allows learners to study flexibly. They can stop and start anytime and anywhere they can do. "A current study investigates the semester-long learning experiences and results of nine participants learning Turkish on Duolingo. The participants showed improvement on L2 measures at the end of the study, and results indicate a positive, moderate correlation between the amount of time spent on Duolingo and learning gains. In terms of perceptions of their experiences, the participants generally viewed Duolingo’s flexibility and gamification aspects positively; however, variability in motivation to study and frustration with instructional materials were also expressed."()According to the current study, Duolingo has positive effects on 9 learners of Turkish language learning. Their improvement was observed. Furthermore, the learners indicated the effectiveness of flexibility and gamification. The segmenting principle also provides gamification elements, which can be considered the other attractive feature of this tool.
Voscreen
Voscreen is another web tool that is used in language learning. In terms of providing interactive videos through which learners can actively use self-paced. It includes lots of different short videos from movies, cartoons, etc. for both adults and children. After 20 to 30 seconds of video, learners are asked a question and they are supposed to choose the correct paraphrased option according to the video. As of my experiences as a teacher, this tool activated my students' motivation level especially in the online education period because of the Covid-19 pandemic.
References
Mayer, R. (2001). Multimedia Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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